Pluralism in Economics

1. Post-Autistic Movement in Economics. This is the web site of the Post-Austic Movement in Economics. This movement is devoted to pluralism in the teaching of economics and in economics research. It is a student-initiated movement that started in France and has spread world-wide. Check-out the on-line journal and the various statements from economists and economics students from around the world.

2. ICAPE. The International Confederation of Associations for Pluralism in Economics is a consortium of over 30 groups in economics working cooperatively to maintain diversity and innovation in methods, approaches, policy analyses, and higher education in the economics profession. Professor John Harvey of TCU is co-founder of ICAPE and a system dynamicist!

Heterodox Economics

1. Post Keynesian Information. Click here for some basic Post Keynesian links and information.

2. AFEE. This is the web site for the Association for Evolutionary Economics. The AFEE is the largest society devoted to classical institutional economics and the publisher of the Journal of Economic Issues.

3. AFIT. Here is the Association for Institutional Thought web site. The AFIT is a large institutional economics society. IT meets annually in April at the Western Social Science Association meetings, which are held in the western portion of the United States and Canada. The Economics Chapter of the System Dynamics Society typically participates in the AFIT meetings.

4. Society for the Advancement of Behavioral Economics. SABE welcomes the use of psychology, sociology, history, political science, biology, and other disciplines to assist in furthering our understanding of economic choice. SABE accepts and encourages economic analysis based on behavioral assumptions that challenge the basic premises of the neoclassical paradigm, or, alternatively accept those premises. SABE members consider the optimizing assumptions of neoclassical theory to represent an extreme but at times a useful subset of possible assumptions about economic behavior.

5. EvolutionaryEconomics.net. Here is a bunch of information on evolutionary economics.

6. Heterodox Economics Newsletter. Click here to subscribe to Fred Lee's Heterodox Economics Newsletter.

7. Heterodox Economics Directory. Click here to see Fred Lee's Heterodox Economics Directory.

8. UMKC Center for Full Employment & Price Stability. Here is the web site for the Center for Full Employment and Price Stability at the University of Missouri - Kansas City. Some of the economists and Ph.D. students at the UMKC-CFEPS are working with me on a Post Keynesian-Institutionalist-System Dynamics macroeconomics model, and on creating an agent-based model of the city of New Orleans.

9. The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College. Here is the web site of the The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College. You can download many interesting papers from this site that are written from a Post Keynesian-Institutionalist perspective.

10. Center of Full Employment and Equity. This is Post Keynesian economist Bill Mitchell's web site for his Center of Full Employment and Equity at the University of Newcastle in Australia. It contains lots of good stuff and some neat underutilization and underemployment measures.

11. Center for Economic and Policy Research. Here is the web site for The Center for Economic and Policy Research. It contains lots of interesting stuff. Quoting the site:
    
    The Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) was established to promote democratic debate on the most important economic and social issues that affect people's lives. In order for citizens to effectively exercise their voices in a democracy, it is necessary that they be informed about the problems and choices that they face. CEPR is committed to presenting issues in an accurate and understandable manner, so that the public is better prepared to choose among the various policy options.
    
    Toward this end, CEPR conducts both professional research and public education. The professional research is oriented towards filling important gaps in the understanding of particular economic and social problems, or the impact of specific policies. The public education portion of CEPR's mission is to present the findings of professional research, both by CEPR and others, in a manner that allows broad segments of the public to know exactly what is at stake in major policy debates. An informed public should be able to choose policies that lead to an improving quality of life, both for people within the United States, and around the world. The goal of CEPR is ensure that the citizenry has the information and analysis that allows it to act effectively in the public interest.
    
    CEPR was formed in November of 1999. Its founding scholars include Dean Baker and Mark Weisbrot, co-directors of CEPR, and Robert Pollin, Professor of Economics, University of Massachusetts.

12. The Economic Policy Institute. The Economic Policy Institute generates lots of interesting information on current macroeconomic issues.

13. Progressive Economics Forum. Here is the site of the Progressive Economics Forum. It contains lots of neat stuff, including some working papers.

14. Heterodox Economics Web. This is Steve Cohn and Geoff Schneider's heterodox economics web site. It contains a nice collection of heterodox teaching and research materials.

15. Heterodox Economics Portal. Here is the Heterodox Economics Portal.

16. Heterodox Economics Student Association. Here is the web site for the Heterodox Economics Student Association at the University of Utah. It's worth taking a look.

17. PERI. Here is a link to the University of Massachusetts at Amherst's Political Economy Research Institute. is actively engaged in research, dissemination, policy advising, and graduate student education. It also regularly sponsors conferences and other public events in its areas of research focus. The Institute is committed to addressing basic issues of human and ecological well-being through research written for the general public, policy makers, and academic audiences. PERI researchers are currently involved in three broad and interrelated areas: Globalization and Macroeconomics; Labor Markets and Living Wages; and  Development, Peacebuilding, and the Environment.

18. Robinson. Here is the University of Ottawa's center for Research On Banking International and National Systems Or Networks.

19. Dollars & Sense. This the web site for Dollars & Sense, a heterodox economics magazine that is quite good and easy to read.

20. Truecost Economics. Here is the Truecost Economics web site. It contains some neat stuff on heterodox economics.

21. Das Kapital. Lots of useful heterodox economics links are listed here.

22. Oligopoly Watch. Here is Steve Hannaford's site devoted to following mergers and acquisitions.

23. Financial Markets Center. The Financial Markets Center provides research and education resources to citizen organizations, policymakers, scholars and journalists interested in central banks and the financial sector. The materials at this website include analytical reports, data sets, teaching tools and an extensive archive of Federal Reserve records.

24. Jonathon Temple's Economic Growth Resources. This site is devoted to economic growth. It is hosted by Jonathon Temple of the University of Bristol in the UK.

25. EconoPhysics. Take a look at this!

26. New Economics Foundation. Check this one out too!

27. Global Policy Forum. The Global Policy Forum monitors policy making at the United Nations, promotes accountability of global decisions, educates and mobilizes for global citizen participation, and advocates on vital issues of international peace and justice.

Some Excellent Heterodox Journals

1. Journal of Economic Issues. The Journal of Economic Issues is the premier journal devoted to traditional institutional economics.

2. Journal of Institutional Economics. The Journal of Institutional Economics is devoted to the study of the nature, role and evolution of institutions in the economy, including firms, states, markets, money, households and other vital institutions and organizations.

3. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics. The Journal of Post Keynesian Economics is the premier journal devoted to the original ideas of John Maynard Keynes.

4. Review of Political Economy. The Review of Political Economy is a peer-reviewed journal welcoming constructive and critical contributions in all areas of political economy, including the Post Keynesian, Sraffian, Marxian, Austrian and Institutionalist traditions.

5. Cambridge Journal of Economics. The Cambridge Journal of Economics, founded in 1977 in the traditions of Marx, Keynes, Kalecki, Joan Robinson and Kaldor, provides a forum for theoretical, applied, policy and methodological research into social and economic issues.

6. Metroeconomica. First published in 1949, Metroeconomica is essential reading for professionals and students interested in a wide spectrum of theoretical approaches to analytical economics, providing an international forum for debate among competing theories and research programs, which goes beyond the traditional emphasis on market equilibrium/disequilibrium by: (a) focusing on economic processes in real time; (b) addressing the role of social institutions, technical change and income distribution, emphasizing the behavioural foundations of economics; and (c) exploring methodological innovations in economics and from other disciplines

7. New School Economic Review. A journal of critical economics at New School University.

8. Oeconomicus. An outstanding student-run journal at the University of Missouri - Kansas City.

9. International Journal of Transdisciplinary Research. The IJTR is concerned with extending and integrating the study of economics with disciplines within the physical and social sciences, as well as the humanities. In spite of recent advances in the field, economic theory and policy is still rooted in unrealistic models of consumer and firm behavior, leaving little room for critical and reflective thought. These models involve the following fundamental assumptions which are not open to discussion: (a) People have rational preference among outcomes that can be identified and associated with a value, (b) individuals maximize utility and firms maximize profits, (c) People act independently on the basis of full and relevant information.  Economists use these assumptions to understand the allocation of scarce resources among alternative ends. If these models models are applied to decisions concerning sustainability issues, many of these policies will lead to dangerous and irreversible changes.  We believe the field is rapidly changing away from these models and assumptions and intend to use this journal as a conduit to accelerate this transformation. IJTR is a journal where alternative frameworks can be disseminated and argued.  Therefore, the IJTR is methodologically open, providing a place for alternative, critical, and transdisciplinary research.

Web Sites of Noted Economists

1. Randy Wray. Randy is one of the world's leading heterodox thinkers in the area of money, credit and banking.

2. Mat Forstater. Mat is one of the world's leading heterodox thinkers in the area of history of economic thought and heterodox economic policy.

3. Warren Mosler. Here is Warren Mosler's Coalition of Economic Policy Institutions, which is a non-partisan FORUM dedicated to promoting research and public discussion of issues related to macroeconomic and monetary policy. This site contains many important papers written from a Post Keynesian perspective. Warren is a very successful bond trader who contributes significantly to UMKC's Center for Full Employment and Price Stability. He also produces high performance sport cars and is running for Congress from the U.S. Virgin Islands.

4. Steve Keen. This is Steve Keen's web site. I regard Steve as the "Australian Mike Radzicki" as he is translates well-known economics models into their nonlinear dynamics representations. Although he does not use system dynamics he thinks, models, and writes just like a system dynamicist.

5. Luigi Pasinetti. Here is Luigi Pasinetti's web site. You can download some of Professor Pasinetti's more recent papers from this site.

6. Marc Lavoie. Here is Post Keynesian economist Marc Lavoie's web site. Professor Lavoie is working on stock-flow consistent Post Keynesian models.

7. Louis-Philippe Rochon. Here is Post Keynesian monetary economist Louis-Philippe Rochon's web site.

8. Thomas Palley. This is noted heterodox economists Thomas Palley's weblog devoted to economics for democratic and open societies. It contains lots of interesting stuff, including many of Palley's papers.

9. Chad Jones. This is Charles Jones' Economic Growth Site. It contains many useful links related to economic growth theory and economic growth data.

10. Brad DeLong. Brad DeLong's web site is loaded with great stuff for economists and economics students.

11. Paul Krugman - Unofficial. The is the unofficial Paul Krugman site.

12. Paul Krugman - Official. This is the official Paul Krugman site.

History of Economic Thought

1. New School University's History of Economic Thought Web Site. This is an outstanding History of Economic Thought web site that is hosted by New School University. The economists at the New School, generally speaking, subscribe to various heterodox schools of economic thought.

2. A Site Devoted to Sir Roy Harrod. This is a site devoted to the life and career of Sir Roy Harrod. It is hosted by Daniele Besomi, an outstanding Harrod scholar. In Besomi's own words:
   
   "I am an independent researcher in the history of economic thought, based in the Italian speaking part of Switzerland. I am interested in the origin and development of 'formal' economic dynamics. I have worked on Michal Kalecki's notion of dynamics in its relation to mechanics and dialectical materialism, on the rhetorics of Richard M. Goodwin's earliest attempt to introduce non-linear dynamics into economics, and on the origin and development of Roy F. Harrod's notion of dynamics. I have recently edited Harrod's inter-war unpublished papers and correspondence, and am currently working on issues related to the history of business cycle theories."

3. Gallery of Cambridge Economists. Nice photos of your favorite Cambridge economists.

4. Nikolai Kondratieff. Here is a site devoted to Nikolai Kondratieff's work on economic long waves.

5. History of Economics Resources. Links to general information on the history of economics.

6. Gallery of Economists. This is the cast of characters from Robert Heilbroner's The Worldly Philosophers, in order of appearance.

7. Great Economists and their Times. A history of economic thought site by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.

8. Thomas Malthus. Click here to see a web site devoted to the Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus, the first economist at the University of Cambridge.

9. McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought. This archive is an attempt to collect in one place a large number of significant texts in the history of economic thought.

10. Biographies of Well-Known Economists. Its title tells you what it is!

11. Larry Reynolds' Site. Nice site. Check out his "(Dudley) Dillard's View of Keynesian Economics" flow chart.

12. David Colanders' History of Thought Links. Check-out Colander's history of economic thought links, along with the other links on his site.

Other Schools of Economic Thought

1. Supply Side Economics. Want to learn about the other side of the economics debate? Check out Jude Wanniski's Polyconomics web site -- a site devoted to supply side economics.

2. Foundation for Economic Education. The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE), one of the oldest free-market organizations in the United States, was founded in 1946 by Leonard E. Read to study and advance the freedom philosophy. FEE's mission is to offer the most consistent case for the "first principles" of freedom: the sanctity of private property, individual liberty, the rule of law, the free market, and the moral superiority of individual choice and responsibility over coercion.

3. Cato Institute. The Cato Institute promotes "public policy based on individual liberty, limited government, free Markets and peace." A major libertarian organization and website.

4. The Heritage Foundation. The Heritage Foundation is "committed to building an America where freedom, opportunity, prosperity and civil society flourish." A major conservative organization and website.

5. The American Conservative Union. Premiere conservative organization.

6. Frontpage Magazine. David Horowitz's website.

7. Economics in One Page. A summary of neoclassical economics in one page!

8. MarginalRevolution.com. An econ blog.

Government Sites & Economic Data

1. FIRSTGOV.gov. The U.S. government's official web portal.

2. Federal Reserve Board. This is the main web site for the Federal Reserve System.

3. Twelve Federal Reserve District Banks. Here are the links to the web sites for each of the twelve district federal reserve banks.

4. U.S. Department of the Treasury. The Treasury Department manages the federal government's finances.

5. FEDSTATS. Search the databases of 28 federal departments & agencies.

6. Executive Branch Web Sites. A comprehensive list of links to sites within the executive branch of the U.S. government.

7. Legislative Branch Web Sites. A comprehensive list of links to sites within the legislative branch of the U.S. government.

8. Government Web Resources. A comprehensive list of links to sites within the U.S. federal government.

9. U.S. Economic Calendars. The NASDAQ web site has a nice economic calendar which tells you when economic data are released. So does Briefing.com.

10. Economic Indicators Main Page. This Economic Indicators site contains a monthly compilation of information prepared for the Joint Economic Committee by the Council of Economic Advisors. It presents economic information on prices, wages, production, business activity, purchasing power, credit, money and Federal finance.

11. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Economic Analysis site contains lots of economic data and some working papers.

12. BEA's Overview of the Economy. A quick overview of the current state of the U.S. economy. Lots of data.

13. White House Briefing Room. The White House Briefing Room has lots of information on current macroeconomic topics and data.

14. Council of Economic Advisors. This council caused Harry Truman to beg for a one-armed economist!

15. Economic Report of the President. The Economic Report of the President includes an analysis of the current state of the economy and very useful historical tables filled with time series data on unemployment, inflation, interest rates, the money supply, investment, etc.

16. U.S. Department of Labor - Bureau of Labor Statistics. This U.S. Department of Labor site contains data on employment, earnings, labor productivity, etc.

17. Survey of Current Business. Monthly publication that tracks GDP and other macroeconomic conditions.

18. Conference Board. The Conference Board produces lots of interesting macroeconomic "indicators," including a widely-watched index of consumer confidence.

19. National Bureau of Economic Research. Here is the web site for the National Bureau of Economic Research.
    
    Founded in 1920, the National Bureau of Economic Research is a private, nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization dedicated to promoting a greater understanding of how the economy works. The NBER is committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community.
    
    Over the years the Bureau's research agenda has encompassed a wide variety of issues that confront our society. The Bureau's early research focused on the aggregate economy, examining in detail the business cycle and long-term economic growth. Simon Kuznets' pioneering work on national income accounting, Wesley Mitchell's influential study of the business cycle, and Milton Friedman's research on the demand for money and the determinants of consumer spending were among the early studies done at the NBER.

20. Business Cycle Indicators Page. Lots of links to business cycle theory and data.

21. OEDC. Here is the home page for the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. It contains lots of stuff, including globally-oriented macroeconomic data.

22. Financial Data Finder. The Financial Data Finder is a collection of references to web sites devoted to various areas of finance. It is targeted to the needs of researchers and students.

23. The Dismal Scientist. Coverage of major economic indicators, including definitions and technical discussions. Economic commentary. Much more.

24. FreeLunch.com. Here is the FreeLunch.com web site. You can download economic data and subscribe to an interesting free e-mail newsletter.

25. Links to Economic Data. Here are some links to economic data supplied by my buddy Fahdel Kaboub.

26. Charles Jones' Data Archive. Here are some nice data sets from Berkeley economist Charles Jones.

27. State Governments. Links to all the state government web sites in the U.S.

28. NationMaster.com. This is a massive central database and a handy way to compare nations graphically.

29. Congressional Budget Office's Method for Estimating Potential Output. The title tells you what it is.

30. Alternative Methods for Estimating Potential GDP. The title tells you what it is.

Sustainable Development

1. Millennium Institute. The Millennium Institute is a nonprofit organization that uses a large system dynamics macroeconomics model called Threshold21 to do strategic planning for developing nations. It works closely with the World Bank, the IMF, the UN, and the Carter Center. WPI does joint research with the Millennium Institute and WPI students can do theses and dissertations with the Millennium staff.

2. Die-Off.org. An interesting site devoted to sustainable economic development is Die-Off.org. It contains lots of links and papers.

3. Friends of the Earth. Here is the Friends of the Earth web site. It is devoted to, among other things, creating an index of sustainable economic welfare. You can even go to the site and create your own ISEW!

4. Sustainability Institute. Here is a link to the Sustainability Institute, a systems thinking organization devoted to sustainable economic development founded in 1996 by Donella Meadows (a famous SDer). Thanks to Ken Parsons for pointing out this link.

5. Ecocosm Dynamics.org. Here is a link to the Ecocosm Dynamics.org web site. Ecocosm Dynamics.org is an international research group studying the Earth's environmental crisis from a system perspective and searching for a solution.

6. Redefining Progress. This is Redefining Progress' web site. The staff at Redefining Progress are attempting to measure the real state of the economy, the environment, and social justice with tools like the Genuine Progress Indicator and the Ecological Footprint.

7. Genuine Progress Index for Atlantic Canada. Here is a site devoted to the Genuine Progress Index for Atlantic Canada. It's worth taking a look.

8. GDP and other Quality of Life Measurements. This site provides an extensive critique of the national income and product accounts.

Economics Sites Full of Links to Economics Sites

1. Resources for Economists on the Internet. Here are a whole bunch of resources for economists on the internet.

2. More Links For Economists. Here is another site loaded with links for economists.

3. Tom Wyrick's Econ Links. A tremendous set of links from Missouri State economist Tom Wyrick. Lots of data links and more.

4. Economic Education Web. Lots and lots of econ links from the University of Nebraska at Omaha.

5. Yahoo UK & Ireland. Lots and lots of econ links!

6. SUNY Oswego's Economics Links. A nice collection of econ links.

7. Charles Jones' Links. Here is a nice collection of links from Berkeley economist Charles Jones.

8. Global Economic News. Lots of links to economics articles in the popular press.

Economic Humor

1. Economist Jokes. This is a site devoted to jokes about economists and economics.

2. More Economist Jokes. This site is also devoted to jokes about economists and economics.

3. True Cost of the 12 Days of Christmas. Ever wonder how much 12 drummers drumming, 11 pipers piping, 10 lords-a-leaping,...cost? Check out this site.

4. What Economists (& Traders) Do. Think you know? Click here.

Miscellaneous Economics Sites of Interest

1. American Economic Association. This is the American Economic Association web site.

2. Royal Economic Society. This is the Royal Economic Society of the UK's web site.

3. Noble Prize in Economics. Here is the official site for the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

4. Cowles Foundation. The Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics continues the work of the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, founded in 1932 by Alfred Cowles at Colorado Springs. The Commission moved to Chicago in 1939 and was affiliated with the University of Chicago until 1955. In 1955 the professional research staff of the Commission accepted appointments at Yale and, along with other members of the Yale Department of Economics, formed the research staff of the newly established Cowles Foundation. This site contains downloadable research papers, many of the "classics," dating from 1943.

5. Macroeconomics References. Here is a nice list of references in macroeconomics from American University.

6. Museum of Money and Financial Institutions. Martin Shubik and his colleagues are creating both a physical, and a virtual, educational and science museum devoted to economics.

7. Games Economists Play. This web site is a resource for instructors of economics who would like to use non-computerized economic experiments (games) in their classrooms.

8. Free Famous Economics Books On-Line. Here are some free famous economics books on-line. Read 'em and/or download 'em for free.

9. On-Line Macroeconomics Book. The title says what it is.

10. Famous Economics Majors. Famous people who majored in economics in college.

11. Economics Quotes. This site contains lots of famous/clever economics quotes.

12. More Economics Quotes. Here are some more interesting and famous quotes from economists.

13. Where's George. Want to track a dollar bill as it is used again and again in transactions? Click here.

14. Dead Economists Society. The name says it all.

15. Famous Economists' Grave Sites. Here is a site devoted to the grave sites of famous economists.

16. Economist Jeremy Bentham's Final Resting Place. Check out economist Jeremy Bentham's interesting way to spend posterity!